Izilwanyana zase-Australia zahlukile

Esinye sezizathu ezininzi ezenza i-Australia ibe lilizwe elinomtsalane njengobutyebi bendalo. Inkqubo ye- Izilwanyana zasendle zase-Australia yenzelwe uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezingenakufunyanwa naphina emhlabeni. Kodwa kukho inkcazo yesayensi ngobukho babaninzi kwaye iyamangalisa iidememism kumazwe ase-Australia.

Ukuvela kwezilwanyana zase-Australia kungenxa izinto ezimbini: ukwakheka komhlaba kunye nemozulu. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zemimandla eyinxalenye ye Ostreliya zangoku zahlanganiswa kwilizwekazi eliphambili gondwana (ekwabandakanya uMzantsi Melika, iAfrika, kunye neAntarctica). I-Australia yahlukana nawo wonke umhlaba kwaye yahlala ikwanti. Ngale ndlela, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zavela ngokwahlukileyo kwizityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi liphela.

Naxa amazwekazi aseAsia nase-Oceania athe angqubana neminyaka ezi-5 yezigidi eyadlulayo, ukwahlulwa kuhlala kunjalo. Umnxeba Umgca kaWallace, Esandisa kuwo onke amachwebakazi aseAustro-Indonesia, sisithintelo sendalo esithintele unxibelelwano phakathi kwezilwanyana ezazikho kwingingqi nganye ye-zoogeographic.

Isiphumo esiphambili sayo yonke le nto kwizilwanyana yayikukuzalwa, ngokulandelelana kwezilwanyana, zeqela lendaleko elahlukileyo kwihlabathi liphela: marsupials.

Izilwanyana zase-Australia: Izilwanyana ezanyisayo

Izilwanyana ezincancisayo zase-Australia zahlulwe zangamacandelo amabini: marsupials y abagqithisileyo. Umahluko ophambili kukuba abantu ababhinqileyo bangaphambili banikwe a ibhegi okanye isingxobo Apho abancinci bahlala khona emva kokuzalwa. I-kangaroo, i-koala okanye i-Tasmanian Devil yimizekelo eyaziwayo.

Kangaroo

Xa sicinga ngezilwanyana zase-Australia, umfanekiso we ikhangaru ukutsiba. Ezi zilwanyana zinomsila omde kunye nemilenze yezihlunu ezivumela ukuba zijikeleze ngokuxhuma okukhulu. Zizilwanyana ezirhabaxa kwaye ziqhele ukuhlala ebusuku. Zininzi iintlobo (grey kangaroo, red kangaroo, wallabee, njl).

Koala

Emva kwekangaroo, esona silwanyana sithandwayo eOstreliya ngokungathandabuzekiyo ikoala. Le marsupial encinci itya utyani ihlala kwizithsaba zemithi yomgamtriya, amagqabi ayo kokona kutya kwayo. IiKoalas zihlala kwinxalenye esempuma yesiqithi. Ezona mpawu zawo ziphambili ziindlebe zazo ezinkulu kunye nolungelelwaniso lweenzwane zeenzipho zawo, zinobhontsi bezinto eziphikisanayo, ezibavumela ukuba babambelele kakuhle kumasebe emithi. Ukunyaniseka kwakhe kunye ne "teddy bear" kujongeka kumenza athandwe kakhulu ngabantwana.

UMtyholi waseTasmania

Sesona silwanyana sikhulu sondlayo e-Australia. Ngumzingeli, umhlaseli kwaye uziphethe kakubi. Ukubonakala kwayo kuyinja encinci enoboya obumnyama, enemihlathi emikhulu ekhumbuza ingcuka. Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, ihlala kwi Isiqithi saseTasmania, nangona kuphela kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo yayixhaphakile e-Australia.

Hayi

Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kufanelekile ukuqaqambisa dingo, ekwabizwayo Ingcuka yase-Australia. Kukholelwa ukuba le canid yafika kwisiqithi-kwilizwekazi malunga neminyaka engama-5.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo. Ihlala ikakhulu kwisiqingatha esisemantla selizwe, ukongeza kwezinye iingingqi zoMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Ukuba ziingcuka ngakumbi kunezinja, ezi zilwanyana khange zikwazi ukwenziwa amakhaya. Enye yeempawu ezahlukileyo ze-anatomy yayo yimpumlo ende. Olu hlobo bagwetyelwe ukuphela.

Ezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo zezi ibhanti, Intonga ehlala kwimimandla enehlathi kunye wombat, Ebonakala ifana nebhere encinci.

Izilwanyana zase-Australia: iintaka

Phakathi kweentaka zase-Australia, ubuninzi beentlobo ze iiparots kunye neentaka ezincinci zehlathi ezinje nge robin wase-Australia okanye intambo yehadi. Kukwakho neentaka ezixabisekileyo ezinjengexhalanga. Kwaye phakathi kweentaka zolwandle, ezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo ze Ingcwangube yase-Australia kunye Unombombiya ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, Olona hlobo lwephengwini luzihlalela kunxweme lwaseOstreliya.

Bafanele icandelo elikhethekileyo iintaka ezingakwaziyo ukubhabha, ezinye ezinkulu. Inkqubo ye- emu Yeyona ntaka yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, igqwetha kuphela ngobukhulu inciniba. Ngaye, angabaleka ngesantya esiphezulu. I-emus yabantu abadala inokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha eziyi-130 kwaye inobunzima obungaphezu kwama-40 kg. Kukho iingcambu ezingaphezu kwama-700.000 ezisasazeke kwilizwe lonke.

Ama-Amphibians, iintlanzi kunye nezirhubuluzi zezilwanyana zase-Australia

Imizobo ebonakalayo yezilwanyana zase-Australia igqitywa ziintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini (ngakumbi amasele emithi) Nezirhubuluzi. Kule yokugqibela, intabalala iintlobo iinyoka Inetyhefu, kunye neenyoka kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinengxaki. Kwakhona kunxweme Australia kuhlala iintlobo ezininzi ufudo (Ufudo, luhlaza, lute kunye nezinye). Inkqubo ye- amacikilishe baninzi kakhulu. Ukusuka kuluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo kufuneka uchaze moloch, i Icilikishe elikhulu okanye Icilikishe elinolwimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Iidememism ziqhelekile phakathi Intlanzi yase-Australia, ngakumbi abo bahlala emilanjeni nasemachibini elizwe. Kwelinye icala, iintlobo zezinto zaselwandle zifana ngokufanayo nezo zinokufunyanwa emanzini oMzantsi Asia kunye nawuphi na ummandla woLwandlekazi iPasifiki.

Iplatypus

Okokugqibela, uhlobo, ngenxa yokwahluka kwalo, lifanelwe isahluko esahlukileyo: iplatypus. Ichazwe amatyeli amaninzi njengesinye sezilwanyana ezothusayo emhlabeni. Yeyona nto imele iqela lezilwanyana elibiziweyo iimonotremes, ekwabelana ngeempawu zezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo nezirhubuluzayo. Umzekelo: baneenwele kodwa ukuzala kwabo kukuvuthwa (bazalela amaqanda). Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-monotremes, kodwa akukho nanye efana neyodwa.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo, iplatypus inetyhefu, inempumlo emile kwibhili yedada, umsila wayo ufana nqwa nowebhova kwaye imilenze yawo ifana neyembila. Ngethuba lokuqala isampuli yesilwanyana sifikile eYurophu, bekucingelwa ukuba yinto yokukhohlisa.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, sisilwanyana esithandwa kakhulu ngabantu baseOstreliya (sikwavela nakwingqekembe yeesenti ezingama-20), ekonwabela ukukhuselwa okukhethekileyo.