Iindawo zokugaya iswekile eColombia

Iindawo zokugaya iswekile ligama elaziwa ngalo Kholambiya kwii-haciendas ezindala zobukoloniyali ezazinendawo yokuqhubekeka ummoba. Kuzo akufumanekanga iswekile kuphela, kodwa kunye neerum, utywala kunye nezinye iimveliso.

Ezi zixhobo, zigcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye zilungisiwe, zisasebenza nanamhlanje. Kwilizwe kukho amatye okusela alishumi elinesithathu abekwe kwindawo ye- Intlambo yomlambo iCauca, apho phantse yonke iswekile eveliswa yiColombia yenziwe.

Imbali yeendawo zokugaya iswekile

Ngoxa i umdiza weswekile Ayisiyo sityalo saseMelika esizenzekelayo, yaziswa kwihlabathi elitsha ngabaseSpain nabasePortugal. Kungekudala kwaqinisekiswa ukuba umhlaba kunye nemozulu yemimandla ethile yaseMelika ekhulayo ikulungele ukukhula ngokukuko kwesi sityalo.

Kakhulu kangangokuba namhlanje amazwe aseMelika aphakathi kwabavelisi beswekile abakhulu, abane Brasil entloko.

Kwiinkulungwane zokuqala zoloyiso lweSpanish, iswekile yenziwa kumatshini wokugaya wabiza amatye okusila. Kamva kula maziko andiswa kwaye aphuculwa ngokwaziswa kweendawo zokugaya iswekile, ezazisele zisebenza e Iziqithi zeCanary ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

IColombia ivelisa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi zeetoni zeswekile ngonyaka, efumaneka kwi-22 yezigidi zeetoni zikalamo. Inani elikhulu, kodwa kude lee nezigidi ezingama-35 zeetoni eziveliswe yiBrazil. Phantse iilitha ezingama-400 zepetroli yotywala nazo zenziwa kwiindawo zayo zokugaya iswekile.

Imveliso yeswekile yaseColombia

Imimandla yeswekile

Los amasebe eCauca, Valle del Cauca naseRisaralda Yenza ummandla one iimeko ezifanelekileyo yokukhula kommoba. Ezi meko zinzima kwaye zihlala zihlala zigquma unyaka wonke, ubushushu obufanelekileyo phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukufumaneka kwamanzi amaninzi, ulawulo olwaneleyo lwemvula kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo notyebileyo.

Oku kuvumela eColombia Ukulinywa kweswekile kunokuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo unyaka wonke hayi ngamaxesha athile, njengokuba kunjalo nakwilizwe liphela. Oku kukhethekileyo kwenza iCauca River Valley yenye yezona ndawo zineswekile ehlabathini.

Kule miba yendalo ixabisekileyo yengingqi yeswekile yaseColombia kufuneka yongezwe inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekhuthazwa ngu IZiko loPhando lweSwekile, esebenza negalelo labo bonke abalimi kunye neemilili elizweni.

Valle del Cauca malunga I-230.000 yeehektare zamasimi eswekile. La masimi abonelela ngeendawo zokusela zeswekile zalo mmandla: Cabaña, Carmelita, Manuelita, María Luisa, Mayagüez, Pichichí, Risaralda, Sancarlos, Tumaco, Ríopaila-Castilla, Incauca nase Providencia.

Ezintlanu kwezi zigayo zilishumi elinesithathu (ngakumbi ezo ze-Incauca, Manuelita, Providencia, Mayagüez kunye ne-Risaralda) zikwanamathelise izincedisi zokuvelisa i-fuel alcohol.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa

Nje ukuba ummoba uvunwe, uyasiwa kumatshini wokugaya iswekile, apho uqaliswa khona ulandela oku kulandelayo amanyathelo:

1. Ukukhutshwa kweJusi (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-guarapo).
2. Ukucoca kunye noxinzelelo. Inkunkuma ebangelwe yile nkqubo isetyenziswa njengomgquba wezinto eziphilayo.
3. Ecocekileyo neyomileyo, ukunika indawo kwisiraphu.
4. I-Crystallization, ukulahla kunye ne-centrifugation ukuphelisa ukungcola okunokwenzeka.
5. Ukupakisha kunye nokugcinwa.

Sisonke ilizwe livelisa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi zeetoni zeswekile minyaka le ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-22 zeetoni zeswekile kunye ne-390 yezigidi zeelitha zotywala obenzelwe ukudityaniswa nepetroli. Ngexesha lokulungiswa, kuyenziwa kwakhona i-ethanol, iipaneli kunye neenyosi. Ngentsalela yenxalenye eqinileyo yengcongolo nayo yenziwe umgubo wephepha.

Uninzi lwemveliso lumiselwe ukuthengiswa kwintengiso yasekhaya, nangona kule minyaka idlulileyo iColombia ithumele ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-600.000 zeswekile ngonyaka, ikakhulu eChile, ePeru, eMelika, eMexico naseBolivia.

Iswekile kuqoqosho lwaseColombia

Iswekile inobunzima obubalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseColombia. Umzi mveliso weswekile uqeshe amawaka abantu kulo mmandla. Kwelinye icala, iswekile yinto ekrwada kwiimveliso ezininzi zeshishini kweli lizwe.

Nangona kunjalo, iswekile namhlanje ingumbandela wengxabano ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

Kwelinye icala, i Iindleko zokuvelisa Iswekile yaseColombia iphezulu kakhulu kunamanye amazwe. Oku kubangela Ukuphulukana nokhuphiswano kunye neengxaki ezininzi xa uthumela imveliso ngaphandle.

Enye ingxaki yile iimeko zokusebenza kwabasiki, abasebenzi abajongene nokuvuna ummoba wezinto zokugaya iswekile, abathe baba zizikhalazo ezininzi.

Le meko iyanzima nangakumbi kukwanda kwengxabano Iziphumo ezibi zokuSetyenziswa koShukela ogqithisileyo kuBantu. Uxinzelelo kwezentlalo nakwezempilo lubonakalisiwe kukwanda kwirhafu kwicandelo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezintsha zolawulo lomgangatho.