Ukubaza kwamaShayina, izinto zokwakha kanye namasu okukhiqiza

Sonke sizwile ngesiko lasendulo lamaShayina, futhi kungaba yinto engenangqondo kwindatshana eyodwa ukuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kepha yebo Ngifuna ukukutshela ngesithombe saseChina, isiko laso nokubaluleka kwaso kwezobuciko base-Asia, Nasemhlabeni jikelele.

Kusukela emsukeni womlando waseChina, nakuyo yonke impucuko, kudalwe izinto zethusi, ijeyidi namathambo, ebeziyingxenye yemikhuba yobushaman. Kulezi zinhlobo zethusi ne-jade kuboniswa okokuqala ngqa enye yezimiso ezibalulekile zobuciko baseChina: ukuhlangana kwayo phakathi komoya wobuciko wobuciko nomsebenzi wezenhlalo nowezikhundla lapho babemiselwe khona kusukela ekucatshweni kwabo.  

Izici zesithombe esibaziwe

Omunye umehluko phakathi kokuqoshwa kwamaShayina nawaseNtshonalanga ukuthi umqophi waseChina unaka kakhulu indawo ebukeka njengamanje. Esimweni somuntu uqaphela kakhulu kuhlaka lozimele, uhlaka luyacwengisiswa, futhi amehlo, lapho kuphuma khona umoya wangaphakathi, anentshisekelo ekhethekile. Enye yezimpawu zayo ukugcizelela okokugqoka kwabalingiswa.

Uma okuthile kuveza ukubaza kwaseChina, wulwazi olukhulu lobuchwepheshe lwezinto ezenziwe ngazo, ngaphezu kwabaculi ababhekwa njengabenzi bokusebenza, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ababalwanga ezincwadini eziningi nasemibhalweni yomlando ekhuluma ngobuciko baseChina. Kungumsebenzi wobuciko ongaziwa, ukwakhiwa kwama-workshops ahlanganyelwe.

Izindlovu, izinkuni nokuqoshwa koqalo

Ukuqoshwa kwendlovu ngenye yezinto zobuciko ezindala kakhulu, amasampula atholakele emathuneni asukela eMbusweni Shang (Ikhulu le-XNUMX kuya kwele-XNUMX leminyaka ac). Lezi zingcezu zinokuklanywa nokubulawa okuvelele kangangoba zikhuluma ngentuthuko edlule ebingasiyisa ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Esikhathini seTang (618-907 AD) nasesiHlotsheni Sengoma (960-1279 AD) ukudwetshwa kwamazinyo nezimpondo kwaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwamagama obuchwepheshe nobuhle. Kusekhulwini le-1644, ubukhosi bakwaQing (1911-XNUMX AD), lapho imboni yaseNtshonalanga yethulwa kancane kancane eChina.

Ukuqoshwa kwezinkuni kunomlando omude eChina. Izisusa zayo zisuselwa ezinganekwaneni nasezinkolelweni ezithandwayo zenhlanhla, ukuchuma, ukuvumelana, impilo ende ...

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2000 edlule, amaShayina asevele eqoshwe ngoqaloKepha kuvela ebukhosini bakwa-Ming (1368-1644 AD) lapho ukuqoshwa kwale nto kwaba ubuciko bezimboni obuyingcweti futhi abaculi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bazinikezela kuyo. Kuyathakazelisa, ngoba kulobu buciko izikole ezibalulekile kanye nababazi bayaziwa

Ingqikithi yezithombe zaseChina

Iningi lezithombe ezibaziwe zaseChina zihlobene nenkolo namaqhawe, angokoqobo futhi aqanjiwe. Ngokuqoshwa kwamatshe nokwakhiwa kwamapulangwe, umphakathi uzibonakalise njengomphakathi ophakeme kakhulu.

Ukuqoshwa kwamatshe kwaqala njengomhlobiso omuhle futhi omele izindlela zomngcwabo we amathuna ombuso ebukhosini bukaHan, I-Tang futhi ikakhulukazi amathuna kaMing. Kuzo sithola izilwane ezinkulu ezingokoqobo nezinganekwane, kanye nokumelwa kwabantu abafundile, amasosha, amakilasi ezenhlalo angaphandle, njll.

Umfanekiso oqoshiwe wawuhlobene kakhulu nokusakazeka kobuBuddha. IYungang, i-Longmen ne-Dunhuang Grottoes bakhombisa ngomsebenzi wamatshe, wezitini nowestucco obumbe onkulunkulu bamaBuddha. Kulezi zingcezu, ithonya langaphandle kanye nokuguqulwa kwalo noma ukujwayela ukunambitheka kwamaShayina nama-aesthetics kungathokozelwa, njengenye yeminikelo emikhulu yokuhwebelana okwenziwe kuSilk Road. Ezweni lonke ungabona izithombe eziningi zeBuddha, ezinethonya elivela eTibet naseNdiya, zingamaBuddha anezici ezinhle, ukubheka kude nokungaqondakali. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX, izithombe eziqoshiwe zamaBuddha zaqala ukuvela ngokuzwakalisa okukhulu, injabulo kanye neqiniso, ngemigqa ethe xaxa nokuma okuthambile.

Ubumba

Ngifuna ukukhuluma ngobumba, njengengxenye yokuqoshwa kwamaShayina, ngenxa yalowo mqondo engikutshele wona ekuqaleni ngokulawula "ababazi bemisebenzi yobuciko" abanakho ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha. I-porcelain yinto eyenziwe ngobumba eyenziwe ngendlela yendabuko noma yezimboni, ngokwesiko emhlophe, icwecwe, ibuthakathaka, ilukhuni, iyaguquguquka, ayinamanzi, i-resonant, i-elasticity ephansi futhi imelana kakhulu nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali nokwethuka okushisayo, lokhu okungenani kuyincazelo yesayensi kakhulu.

Kwavela eChina, ngaphansi kwegama tzu, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaHan (206 BC kuya ku-220 AD) yize izinkomba zokuqala ezibhaliwe zazisukela esikhathini sobukhosi I-Tang (618 AD kuya ku-907 AD). futhi kwakungumhambi uMarco Polo owayethula eYurophu, lapho amakhulu eminyaka bezama ukuyikopisha.

Amasosha eTerracotta aseXi'an

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lapho ecabanga ngezithombe zaseChina, amasosha aseXian afika engqondweni. La masosha ayiqembu lamanani angaphezu kwama-8000 amaqhawe namahhashi, ayingxenye yebutho lasezulwini le-mausoleum of Qiniso shi Huang, unyaka ka-210-209 ac, Umbusi wokuqala waseChina owazibiza ngombusi.

Izibalo Zinosayizi wokuphila: zikala amamitha ayi-1,80 ukuphakama futhi zihlonyiswe ngezembatho zempi ezenziwe futhi ngeterracotta futhi ngaleso sikhathi babenezikhali zangempela. Okuhlukile kwabo ukuthi ngamunye wabo unezici nezici ezahlukahlukene. Kukhona nabesifazane. Izibalo zinemibala egqamile futhi ekhanyayo, kepha ngemuva kwamahora ama-5 wokuchayeka komoya upende ulahlekile ngenxa ye-oxidation. Namuhla basafuna inqubo evumela ukugcina le mibala, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi ayikatholakali.