IColombia, izwe elinamasiko amaningi

Njengamanye amazwe amaningi aseMelika, IColombia yizwe elinamasiko amaningi, izimbiza ezincibilikayo zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanga nempucuko. Impela lokhu ingcebo nokwehlukahlukana Kungokunye ukuziqhenya okukhulu kwabantu baseColombia futhi ingxenye enhle yomongo wayo ihlala kuwo.

Ukwehluka kwamasiko nobuzwe baleli zwe laseNingizimu Melika kungumphumela we ingxube yezinhlanga ezintathu ezinkulu eziqhamuka emazwenikazi amathathu ahlukene: iMelika, iYurophu ne-Afrika. Le nqubo yaqala ngokufika kwabaseSpain eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu edlule futhi iqhubekile nokuthuthuka kuze kube namuhla ngokufika kwabokufika abavela emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eMiddle East, nasezingeni elincane, emazweni ase-Asia.

Esibalweni sokugcina esenziwa eColombia, iningi labantu (cishe amaphesenti angama-87%, okungukuthi, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38) lahlukaniswa "ngaphandle kobuhlanga." Lokhu kuvezwa kudatha ye- Umnyango Wezokuphatha Kazwelonke Wezibalo (i-DANE). Kodwa-ke, iqiniso ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu, ngandlela thize, ingumphumela wokungaziphathi kahle.

Empeleni, lesi sigaba se- «ngaphandle kobuhlanga» sisebenza ukuhlanganisa iningi labantu baseColombia abangakwazi ukufakwa amalebuli ezigabeni ezithile ezifana nalezi I-Afro-Colombian (cishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-3) noma okwendabuko (Izigidi ezingu-1,9).

Izinhlanga eziyinhloko zaseColombia

IColombia ingelinye lamazwe anokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlanga nezilimi emhlabeni. Lawa ngamaqembu abaluleke kakhulu:

Umjaho oxubile

Bayiqembu eliningi. Ukungaziphathi kahle phakathi kwabaseYurophu nabomdabu baseMelika kwaqala kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yokunqotshwa kweSpain. I- iqembu le-mestizo Iningi kakhulu eColombia futhi itholakala njalo kuyo yonke insimu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-80% amaColombia anemvelaphi yobuhlanga yaseYurophu neyomdabu.

AbaseCaucasus

Iqembu elincane lapho imvelaphi yaseYurophu ibusa kakhulu. I- abantu abamhlophe imele ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yenani labantu baseColombia. Ukhokho lwakhe ikakhulukazi olweSpain, futhi, kancane kancane, futhi ungowase-Italy, owaseJalimane, owaseFrance futhi ovela emazweni aseSlavic. UBogota noMedellin Yimadolobha womabili anesibalo esiphezulu sabantu abamhlophe ezweni.

Ama-Afro-Colombians

Inani eliphelele labantu baseColombia abafakwe kuleli qembu liyahlukahluka ngokwezifundo ezahlukahlukene, yize lisuka ku-7% kuye ku-25%, kuya ngokuthi amanye amaqembu afana ne nxumalo noma i phumlile. Kubukeka kunesivumelwano esengeziwe ngokwabiwa kwabantu kwe- Ama-Afro-Colombians, ngokusobala igxile ogwini lwasePacific. Kuhlelo Umnyango weChocó isibonelo, leli qembu likhulu kakhulu kuningi.

Le ngxenye yabantu baseColombia iqhamuka ezigqilazweni ezimnyama ezilethwe ngenkani zisuka emazweni ase-Afrika zaya eMelika. Namuhla uMthethosisekelo waseColombia uwahlonipha ngokugcwele amalungelo, amasiko, amasiko kanye namasiko ama-Afro-Colombians.

Okomdabu

Iphesenti labantu bomdabu eColombia lehliswe kakhulu ngekhulu elidlule futhi namuhla limi cishe ku-4-5%. Ngokobalo luka-2005, cishe isigamu se- abomdabu yezwe kugxilwe ku iminyango yeLa Guajira, iCauca neNariño. Umthethosisekelo ka 1991 waqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo alaba bantu. I- ukunotha kwamasiko nolimi kulaba bantu (kukhulunywa izilimi ezingama-64 zama-Amerindia eColombia).

Ama-Arabhu

Sivela emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi njengeSyria noma iLebanon eyaqala ukufika ezweni ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Kubalwa lokho kunabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingama-2,5 baseColombia abadabuka e-Arab, yize yingxenye encane yabo kuphela abathi bangamaSulumane.

Izinkulumo zamasiko zaseColombia

Umphumela omibalabala wenhlanganisela yabantu baseYurophu, abomdabu kanye nabase-Afrika uveza izinkulumo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zamasiko ezenziwayo IColombia izwe elinamasiko amaningi njengabambalwa emhlabeni.

Ku-substrate yamasiko empucuko yomdabu, iSpain yengeze, phakathi kokunye, ubuKatolika noma uhlelo lwama-encomienda, ngaphezu kweminikelo yezobuchwepheshe yangaleso sikhathi. Abantu base-Afrika, abathathwe njengezigqila ezweni elisha, beza nezinkulumo ezintsha zamasiko nezobuciko, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni womculo nomdanso. Ngemuva kwe Ukuzimela kweColombia, amaCreoles azama ukusungula uhlelo lwezepolitiki olwalusekela izinkolelo eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxube yezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene yabangela ukwakheka kwamaqembu amasha ezinhlanga.

Izakhiwo, ubuciko bokubukwa, izincwadi, umculo, i-gastronomy… Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo zesiko laseColombia, ukuhlangana kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kukhona njengento enothisayo.

Ikakhulu kufayela le- umkhakha wezilimi IColombia ivelela ukwehluka kwayo. I- español, ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu, lunezinhlobo eziningi zezilimi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, izilimi zomdabu Bangamagugu amasiko abalulekile akhiwe ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezingama-60, ezivela e-Amazonia eningizimu yezwe nasemndenini wakwa-Arawak osenyakatho.

Futhi i inkolo njengenkulumo yamasiko ithwebula le nkcubeko yamasiko amaningi. Yize iningi labantu baseColombia kungamaKhatholika, njengombuso wezwe, iColombia iqinisekisa inkululeko yokukhonza namalungelo eminye imiphakathi yezenkolo njengabavangeli, oFakazi BakaJehova, amaBuddha, amaSulumane noma amaJuda.