Njengakwamanye amazwe aseMelika, i- Isiko lasePeruvia Kungumphumela wengxube enkulu yezakhi zamasiko ezizwe ezahlukahlukene ezihlala kulokho okuyinsimu ye Peru.
Wonke la mathonya angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: ngakolunye uhlangothi, lelo le- Abantu bomdabu kolunye I-Spanish ne-Creoles. Kulokhu kufanele futhi sengeze izakhi zamasiko ase-Afro-Peruvia nase-Asia. Uma kukhona, ukuhlangana kuholele ku- isiko elicebile nelihlukahlukene lesizwe abantu basePeru bathi futhi bazizwa beziqhenya kakhulu.
Esokuqala Impucuko yaseAndean yasePeru bazalwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-5.000 XNUMX eyedlule, yize bafinyelela inani labo eliphakeme nge- chavin isiko (cishe ngo-900 BC) kanye ne- Umbuso wama-Inca, ezaqala ukulawula indawo enkulu kwaze kwafika abaseSpain ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ukunqoba kweYurophu kwakusho ukuphela kombuso wamaInca kodwa ngasikhathi sinye inikele ngezinto ezibalulekile zamasiko lokho kwangena ngempumelelo ePeru, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwakha nezincwadi. I- Ulimi lwesiSpanishi yasungulwa ngokushesha, yize ezinye izilimi zomdabu zasendaweni ezinjenge IsiQuechua bakwazile ukusinda.
Emlandweni wakamuva wezwe, ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kweRiphabhulikhi, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezakhi zomdabu nezaseYurophu yahlanganiswa naphezu kwezinye izikhathi nokwehla kuze kube namuhla.
IMachu Picchu, itshe lesikhumbuzo elibaluleke kakhulu ePeru, ifa lesiko lamaInca
Ubuciko bokwakha nobuciko bepulasitiki
Kunezibonelo eziningi zobuhle be- abakhi be-prehispanic ePeru. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, inkimbinkimbi ye- UChavin noma i Amathempeli aseTihuanaco, ukuqamba okwaziwa kakhulu. Isahluko esehlukile sifanelwe ukwakhiwa kwe-Inca, okubhekele impumelelo yezakhiwo ezinhle njengeNqaba ye Sacsahuaman noma i Machu Picchu, kubhekwe njengesinye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba wanamuhla.
AbaseSpain bethule i- ukuhlela amadolobha, inamadolobha ahlelwe njengebhodi lokuhlola, futhi akha amaningi Izakhiwo zomphakathi nezenkolo ezisesitayeleni se-Spanish Renaissance neBaroque. Kamuva, lezi zitayela zase-Europe zizonothiswa ngezinto zasendaweni, zikhiqize isitayela sokufuna ukwazi esaziwa nge- "mestizo".
Ngesikhathi samakholoni kokubili ukubaza nokudweba kwalandela imigomo yaseYurophu, kugqamisa lokho okuthiwa Isikole saseCusco, ebaluleke kakhulu eSpain America. Kakade ngemuva kwenkululeko okuthiwa umdwebo wendabuko, eyayinombhalo we- UJose Sabogal isichazi sayo esiphezulu.
Abesifazane basePeruvia abanezingubo zendabuko
La ubumba, lo ubuciko bendwangu futhi i umkhandi wegolide Kwakuyizinkulumo ezimbili zobuciko ezafinyelela emazingeni amakhulu okuphelela ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Ubuciko bamanje basePeruvia buqoqa ingxenye enhle yalamasiko asendulo, njengoba noma yimuphi umhambi ovakashela enye yezimakethe eziningi zobuciko ezweni nasezingutsheni zendabuko engabona.
Ulimi nezincwadi
Ngaphezu kokuthi ISpanishi noma isiCastilianEPeru kunezinye izilimi ezingama-46, zonke ezomdabu. Okubaluleke kakhulu yilezi IsiQuechua, ekhulunywa abantu basePeru abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3,8, kanye ne- Aymara. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezilimi zomdabu zakuleli sezinyamalele futhi lezo ezisindayo (ngaphandle kwalezi ezimbili ezibalulwe ngenhla) zikhulunywa ngamaqembu amancane kakhulu.
Izincwadi zasePeruvia ezivela esikhathini samakholoni zinezibalo ezivelele njenge i-Inca Garcilaso, isibonelo esiphelele sokungahambi kahle phakathi kwesiko laseYurophu nelaseMelika. Kakade esikhathini se-republican, iPeru ibisinezibalo ezinhle kakhulu zemibhalo. Okudume kakhulu okwalo mbhali Mario Vargas Llosa, Umklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi ngo-2010.
Umculo nesiko lasePeruvia elidumile
Mhlawumbe umculo nomdanso yizinkulumo lapho inhlanganisela yamasiko acebile yasePeru ibonakala kahle kakhulu.
Umdanso wendabuko wasePeruvia
La Umculo we-Andes kungathathwa njengengcweti eyiqiniso. Imiculo yawo nezinsimbi zomculo kuye kwalondolozwa ngokumangalisayo kuwo wonke la makhulu eminyaka. Nanamuhla ijabulela ukuba semthethweni ngokuphelele, iguqulwe yaba uphawu lobunikazi bezwe lasePeru.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinkulumo zomculo zasePeru ziye zavela ekuhlanganeni phakathi kwamasiko. Lokhu kungabuye kukhishwe emkhakheni wemidanso nemidanso ethandwayo. Kuyindaba ye- Umculo wesiCreole noma kwe umdanso we-afro peruvian.
Ngokukhuluma ngomculo, umnyango wePuno yiwona othakazelisa kakhulu. Lesi sifunda sasePeruvia siyisizinda sezitayela eziningi zomdanso ezifana ne- Puno uSathane, lo I-Llamerada igagasi IPuneña gang. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuthandwayo Isikelo sidansa futhi i Hlakaniphai, odabuka esifundeni esiseningizimu, umenyezelwe njenge-Unesco ngamagugu amasiko angaphatheki esintu.
I-Gastronomy yasePeru
Kungaba okungenazaba ukukhuluma ngesiko lasePeruvia ngaphandle kokusho enye yezinkulumo ezaziwa umhlaba wonke: i-gastronomy, edunyiswa emhlabeni wonke ngekhwalithi nokuhluka kwayo.
I-fish ceviche, isidlo sezinkanyezi se-gastronomy yasePeru
I-cuisine yasePeruvia isizuzile ethonyeni le- isiko le-gastronomic elivela emazwenikazi amane: IYurophu, iMelika, i-Afrika ne-Asia. Ibuye inekhathalogi ehlaba umxhwele yokudla nemikhiqizo yemvelo ekhula ezweni layo. Ziyisisekelo sokulungisa izitsha ezimnandi esizaziyo sonke.
Yize uhlu lungaba lukhulu kakhulu, sizokhuluma lapha kuphela ezinye zezitsha ezidume kakhulu ze-gastronomy yasePeruvia njengokudla izinhlanzi ceviche, the inkukhu chili, lo pachamanca noma i irayisi uZambito, ukugqamisa izibiliboco ezimbalwa nje. Okunye okuzofakwa kulolu hlu isiphuzo njengesifanekiselo njenge chicha onsomi noma, phakathi kweziphuzo ezidakayo, okuthandwa kakhulu pisco.