Nā hana lima a Kanada

Maopopo iā ʻoe i loko i Kanada aia ma kahi o 300 tausani mau ʻōiwi e noho nei e haʻi nei i nā ʻōlelo he 58 a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hui ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa he ʻumi? He paʻakikī e kamaʻilio e pili ana Nā hana a me nā kuʻuna Kanada ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa. Nui ka lāhui ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina, a ʻike ʻia kēia i ka waiwai nui a me nā ʻano o kāna mau moʻomeheu kiʻi a me kāna mau manaʻo.

ʻO kēia mau ʻāina o nā ululāʻau palena ʻole, nā loko nui a me nā wao akua, hāʻawi i ka mea huakaʻi i ka manawa kūpono e ʻike i kēia mau moʻomeheu ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā Europa. A loaʻa pū kekahi nā hoʻomanaʻo maoli i kāu huakaʻi i Kanada.

Nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi o Kanada

ʻO nā lāhui a me nā lāhui i noho i ka ʻāina ʻo Kanada ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa Nā Aupuni ʻ Nationslelo mua (nā lāhui mua). He pūʻulu heterogeneous nui ia i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia nā lāhui. inuit y Metis.

Hōʻike ka hana ʻōiwi ʻōiwi iā ia iho i nā ʻano like ʻole: hana ʻili, hao mea kaua, nā kiʻi kālai lāʻau, nā kiʻi pena a me nā lei… Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana ʻana o nā mea pena kiʻi ʻōiwi a me nā mea hana lima i nā mea like, e pili pono ana i ka hoʻoilina o ko lākou mau kūpuna, ʻoiai e hoʻolauna pū ana i kekahi mea hou.

Ma kahi mamao loa e ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana a koʻikoʻi hoʻi o nā hana kuʻuna Kanada ma nā kiʻi kālai lāʻau. ʻO nā mea kuʻuna o ka ʻO nā ʻohana ʻo Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian a me Kwakiutl, ma ka panalāʻau o British Columbia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kāna mau hana hoʻonaninani ma nā mea hana no ko lākou kūlana a me ke kumu.

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka molama hoʻolauleʻa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i ko lākou lā i nā hana a nā kūpuna o nā kamaʻāina kahiko o kēia mau ʻāina. I kēia lā ua hōʻike ʻia lākou i loko o nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā kikowaena ʻoihana, a i ʻole (i ke ʻano o nā mea ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa) kūʻai aku ʻia lākou i nā hale kūʻai hoʻomanaʻo.

ʻO nā totem

Eia nō naʻe, nā mea ikona i loko o nā hana lima a me nā kuʻuna o Kanada nā totems, nā mea hōʻailona i loaʻa (a he mea nui) i nā hana haipule o ka hapa nui o kēia mau lāhui.

ʻO ke kumu, he totem kahi kumu lāʻau nui (lāʻau kedera maʻamau) a i ʻole lāʻau lāʻau i hiki ke piʻi i 20 a 30 mau mika paha. I loko ona e hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o nā akua a me nā holoholona laʻa e pale i kahi ʻohana. ʻO kona kumu i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ka wā kahiko a pili i nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao o kēlā me kēia kaona.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka totem Kanada ʻo ka ʻaeto, ka hawk, ka bea, ka ʻīlio hae, ke kohola, ka toad, ka beaver a me ka hekili, e like me nā kuʻuna, kahi mea i lilo i kanaka a hana i keiki. . ʻO ka hope, e piʻi ana i ka Lani, kaohi i ka hekili a me ka uila.

Kākaʻikahi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi totem mehameha hoʻokahi, e like me ke kuʻuna e kuhikuhi ana e kūkulu ʻia lākou hoʻokumu pūʻulu ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kahawai a me nā loko, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ululāʻau, kahi mamao loa mai nā kikowaena noho. I kēia lā, ma waho o nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā kūlanakauhale mākaʻikaʻi, he kakaikahi loa nā totem maoli i waiho ʻia.

ʻO kekahi o nā wahi maikaʻi loa e ʻike ai i nā pou totem a aʻo hou e pili ana i nā hana kuʻuna Kanada e like me dunkan aka, i kapa ʻia «ke kūlanakauhale o totems», ka Alahaka ʻo Capilano, ka mokupuni Charlotte wahine wahine (ʻike ʻia ʻo Hawaii gwai) a me ka Kulanui o British Columbia, kahi e mālama ʻia ai nā mea nani.

Nā hana a Kanada a me nā kuʻuna: ka Inuit

Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano ʻano, inuit (kuhi hewa ʻia ʻo Eskimos) he mahele kaʻawale i loko o nā lāhui ʻōiwi o Kanada.

ʻO kāna mau ʻano kiʻi noʻeau e like me ke kuhi hewa ʻole. ʻO nā kiʻi kālai, nā kiʻi kālai, nā kaha kiʻi a me nā kaha kiʻi i mālama ʻia o kēia kaona e hōʻike i ka honua o ka Inuit: ko lākou ʻike honua a me ko lākou ʻuhane. ʻO ka honua holoholona, ​​ka ʻimi holoholona a me ke ʻano ka poʻomanaʻo kikowaena o kāna mau hana āpau.

ʻO kekahi huakaʻi e hoihoi i kēia hana kiʻi ʻaʻole pono e haʻalele i ke kipa ʻana iā Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Inuit Art (Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Inuit Art- MIA) de Toronto. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui ʻole ma laila, mai nā kiʻi kālai ʻia i kālai ʻia i ka pōhaku, ka pepeiaohao, ka niho ʻelepani a me ka iwi i ke kahakaha ʻana, nā mea leki a me nā ʻāpana keramika.

Aia kekahi mau hale hōʻikeʻike ʻē aʻe i ka ʻāina e hōʻike ana i nā hana Inuit o nā hana noʻeau a me nā hana. ʻO nā mea nui loa ka ʻO McMichael ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa,ʻia Hale Hōʻikeʻike Art o ʻAnakona a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Royal Ontario, kahi e hōʻike ai i nā mea kahiko a me nā mea i hanaʻia e nā mea pena kiʻi o kēia wā e like me Annie Pootoogook, Karoo Ashevak o ʻO David Piqtoukun, nā mea hoʻomau o nā hana lima hana lima kahiko o kēia kaona.